End Fed Long Wire Antennas

One of the most popular antennas today is the end fed long wire antenna due to it ease of installation, portability and stealth in various installations. It can be a condo dweller’s only access to the world of ham radio or the best alternative for a backpacking SOTA (Summits on the Air) mountaintop expedition.

The antenna is simple to deploy, folds up easily for transport, and weighs under a pound, yet, with the proper length of wire, can work the 80-10 meter bands easily with the built in antenna tuner of most current day transceivers. You will need several components for a successful deployment of the end fed antenna and these are shown in the diagram below:

End Fed Antenna Chain - End Fed Long Wire Antennas

 

Impedance Transformer - End Fed Long Wire AntennasThe antenna impedance matching components (BOX “Z” above) to match the antenna impedance to the coax line impedance (usually 50 ohms).  For non-resonant end fed  antennas, the typical feed point impedance is 300 to 600 ohms and a 9:1 impedance transformer (e.g. 450 ohm average antenna impedance to 50 ohm coax, also know as a 9:1 unun).  For do-it-yourself antenna builders, 9:1 impedance transformer  information is HERE

Feed Line Choke - End Fed Long Wire AntennasWith end fed antennas, the coax is meant to radiate as part of the antenna system (serving as the “ground” or counterpoise) and therefore you need to use a Feed line Choke (BOX “FC” above) to suppress the common mode current on the outside of the coax feed line so it does not enter the radio and cause garbled communication.. The Feed line (FC) acts as a stop sign for RF current flowing back on the outside of the coax.  The higher the choking resistance of the feed line choke, the less the coax braid RFI common mode current, and the less noise enters the radio.  Feed Line choke alternatives are HERE.

Radio System - End Fed Long Wire AntennasThe radio station is also a key component of the antenna system and has two functions: transmit and receive.  Matching the transmitter to the coax feed line is often done with an antenna tuner and receiver systems should be installed to maximize signal to noise ratio.  Reducing receiver noise is critical for weak signal reception and the use of coax noise filters AND receiver power supply lines (AC or DC) noise filters is usually needed for optimum reception. Reducing RFI generated by the radio station (you are the SOURCE of RFI) or received by your radio station (you are the VICTIM of RFI) is an important aspect of radio station operations.  Palomar Engineers has many solutions for RFI problems – Click HERE to develop alternative strategies depending on your particular situation.

Want to compare End Fed Antennas?  See: End Fed Antenna Secrets (PDF)

The “Bullet” End Fed Long Wire Antenna

The key to end fed antenna success is the matching network interface between the long wire antenna and the coax feed line and feed line choke at the transceiver.  Palomar Engineers employs a dual core matching system that offers wide bandwidth (1-61 MHz), 500 watt PEP rating, and a connection for a counterpoise or ground if desired.

The antenna can be used as a sloper, “L” with a vertical section and a longer horizontal section, or as a random horizontal antenna between two trees or supports.

Our network matching network is called the “Bullet” because of it shape and its effectiveness at taking down or contacting distant (DX) stations all over the world under the right conditions.  The Bullet uses all stainless steel connectors and a dual core ferrite 9:1 unun for higher power rating then many competitive products.

We sell the Bullet components separately so you can add you own wire type and length or you can purchase a complete antenna system including wire and end insulator.

 

Bullet 50:450 (9:1) HF Unun, 200 KHz-30 MHz, 500 Watts, End Fed Antennas, , VLF, SWL

SKU Bullet-9LFU-500
$79.95
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Bullet 50:450 (9:1) HF Unun, 200 KHz-30 MHz, 500 Watts, End Fed Antennas, , VLF, SWL
Product Details
Brand: Palomar Enginees
UPC: Does not apply
MPN: Bullet-9
Type: NEW
Country/Region of Manufacture: USA

The “Bullet” End Fed Antenna Matcher - Low Frequency Model Bullet-9LF, Ham and Short Wave Listener

The key to end fed antenna success is the matching network interface between the long wire antenna and the coax feed line and feed line choke at the transceiver. Palomar Engineers Bullet-9LF employs a dual core matching system that offers wide bandwidth down to 20 KHz (.02-31 MHz), 500 watt PEP rating, and a connection for a counterpoise or ground if desired.

The antenna can be used as a sloper, “L” with a vertical section and a

longer horizontal section, or as a random horizontal antenna between

two trees or supports.

Our network matching network is called the “Bullet” because of it shape and its effectiveness at taking down or contacting distant (DX) stations all over the world under the right conditions. The Bullet uses all stainless steel connectors and a dual core ferrite 9:1 unun for higher power rating then many competitive products.

We sell the Bullet separately so you can add you own wire type and length (see table of suggested lengths below) or you can purchase a complete antenna system including wire and end insulator.


For best results we recommend that the coax feed line be at least 1/4 wavelength on the lowest operating frequency since the coax braid is used as a counterpoise if you don’t use the external counterpoise terminal on the matching unit. We also recommend a feed line choke at the end of the coax feed line near the radio to prevent RFI common mode current from interfering with the radio. The BA-58 (slip on) or Kit 105 (snap on) sleeve chokes or simply a EFFLC choke with 10 turns of the coax line on RG-8X (1/4″ cable) typically used for low power operations.

Suggested wire lengths for 1-31 Mhz operation (measured from Bullet wire point):

Bands Covered (meters)


Wire Length (feet)

Minimum Coax Length (feet)

40-30-20-15


35-43, 49-63, 70-85

35

40-30-20-17


35-45, 54-64, 67-77

35

40-30-20-17-15-12-10


38-44, 55, 60, 68-73

50

80-40-30-20-17-15-12-10


68-73, 85, 92, 102, 120-125

65

160-80-40-30-20-17-15-12-10


135, 141, 173, 203

130

If you run more than 500 watts PEP and need a high power 9:1 unun for your end fed antenna, check out the 1-7.5KW PEP ununs on the 9:1 impedance transformer page in our website at http://Palomar-Engineers.com .

Installation


For best results raise the Bullet matching unit as high as possible (use a tree or vertical support) and then extend the antenna wire horizontally or as an “L” (horizontal with vertical end drop).The antenna may also be deployed as a sloper with the Bullet matching unit at the top (best) with the wire sloping toward the ground (with the end high enough to avoid contact by humans or animals), or at the bottom of the sloper with the antenna wire rising to a higher point (see typical configurations below).


Additional Typical Antenna Configurations:

Bullet Configurations png - End Fed Long Wire Antennas

Antenna Length Modifications: For best results, chose a length from the table above as these lengths will form a non-resonant antenna for the amateur bands indicated.The antenna length should NOT be ¼, ½ wavelength on any frequency that you transmit as the impedance will be very high (or low) and will not transfer through the matching unit at a favorable impedance to your antenna tuner.The theory of the antenna length is to make the antenna non-resonant on any amateur band so that the impedance at the antenna side of the matching unit is in the range of 200-600 ohms and when divided by 9 will be in the range of your transceiver antenna tuner.

Any length of 50/75 ohm feed line ok (over 35 feet minimum) but longer feed lines over 50 feet may show reduced SWR on some bands due to soil conductivity, nearby objects, etc. Due to local ground conditions, antenna height and feed line length, SWR may vary and an antenna tuner may be required or some bands to bring SWR at end of feed line to acceptable levels.Use of one or more ¼ wavelength counterpoise(s) connected to the ground post of the matching unit may also improve antenna efficiency and reduce SWR on certain bands.The first counterpoise should be installed under the horizontal portion of the antenna for best results

Use a good quality 50/72 ohm cable adequate for the power level of your station.The Bullet-80 matching unit is rated for 500 watts PEP for SSB and 150 watts continuous carrier for AM, FM, digital modes, or 375 watts CW.If the matching unit becomes warm to the touch after transmitting at high power, reduce the power output or the internal matching unit may become damaged.

NOTE: due to the nature of antenna systems and the modifications many users perform and the transmitter power levels that may be applied higher then the specifications, the antenna systems are NOT RETURNABLE unless they are unused, in the original packing with the original invoice and a return request is made withing 30 days of original purchase.

 

Typical installations are shown below:

 

Bullet End Fed Antenna Notes (PDF)

CAUTION

USE CAUTION WHEN INSTALLING ANTENNA AND KEEP AWAY FROM ANY POWER LINE WIRES!